Pertanyaan tentang XNA Framework, DirectX, MDX dan Xbox 360
XNA itu apa sih ? XNA Framework itu apa ? apa hubungannya dengan DirectX dan Managed DirectX (MDX) ? apa hubungannya dengan Managed DirectX 1.1 dan MDX 2.0 ?. kaitannya dengan Xbox itu apa ? Bagaimana caranya bisa bikin games untuk Xbox 360 ? XNA itu SDKnya untuk bikin games di Xbox 360 ya? Masih ada hubungannya dengan .NET nggak ? Gratis atau bayar ? Game yang dibuat pake XNA Studio itu bisa dijual nggak ? caranya gimana ? well, ini pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan, oleh karena itu timbul ide untuk posting yang menjelaskan segalanya tentang XNA, Xbox, XNA Framework, Managed DirectX dan hal-hal lain sekitarnya. Moga-moga penjelasan dibawah ini tidak rumit dan bisa dimengerti.Dimulai dari Microsoft yang meluncurkan console Xbox bulan november 2001. Menurut ceritanya, Bill Gates meluncurkan Console Games karena khawatir Sonny akan menyebabkan penurunan supply games di Lingkungan Personal Computer karena banyak gamer yang lebih tertarik bermain games di Console dibandingkan bermain di Komputer
Konon dulu xbox itu namanya DirectXbox, Console games yang mengeksploitasi penggunaan DirectX. DirectX sendiri adalah Graphics Engine untuk Windows Operating System. DirectX pertama kali muncul pada 30 September 1995, Dari DirectX 1.0 di tahun 1995 sampai sekarang yang terakhir DirectX9.0c muncul 9 Desember 2005. Directx 9.0c ini kemudian muncul 2 bulan sekali dan terakhir kali muncul DirectX 9.0c versi Agustus 2006. Versi Selanjutnya akan muncul DirectX 10 khusus untuk OS Windows Vista.
Ditahun 2002, di masa-masa kelahiran Arsitektur .NET, dimulailah project membuat DirectX yang dapat jalan di platform .NET. Janin Kelahiran Managed DirectX mulai muncul. Jadi saat itu ada 2 jalur perkembangan DirectX, ada yang Native DirectX dan ada yang ManagedDirectX. Bedanya Native dengan Managed adalah Managed Dapat jalan pada platform .NET menggunakan C# dan VB, sedangkan Native tetap pada C++. Konon Managed DirectX itu menggklaim bahwa performansenya dapat atau hampir menyamai Native DirectX yaitu sebesar 98%. ManagedDirectX adalah managedCode yaitu memiliki environment yang disediakan oleh CLR. Kelebihan ManagedCOde adalah Garbage Collection, Hardware Abstraction, Thread Management dan Sandbox Security model.
Di bulan Desember 2005 February 2006, April 2006 dan August 2006, Microsoft release DirectX yang kompatible dengan .NET Framework 2.0. Pada Game Developer Conference 2006 Microsoft memperkenalkan XNA Framework. XNA Framework adalah bagian dari .NET Framework 2.0 yang menghandle library khusus untuk pengembangan games. Dalam XNA Framework itu sudah terdapat CLR (Common Language Runtime) yang diimplementkan pada Komputer dengan OS Windows XP, Windows Vista dan Console Games Xbox 360. Tahu dong maksudnya CLR (Common Language Runtime), CLR itu adalah virtual machine yang bertugas mengeksekusi bytecode (disebut juga Common Intermedia Language). Jadi nggak perduli kita tulis coding pakai C# atau VB, yang pasti ketika program itu dicompile maka akan dicompile menjadi bytecode dan bisa diterjemahkan oleh CLR menjadi suatu perintah/eksekusi program. Tapi sampai saat ini untuk develop games di Xbox 360 menggunakan XNA Framework, hanya disediakan libraries untuk C# Language.
30 Agustus 2006 kemarin, Microsoft meluncurkan tools XNA Game Studio Express yaitu berupa tools untuk develop games platform Windows XP dan Xbox 360. Untuk menjalankan XNA Game Studio Express diperlukan Visual C# Express 2005. Visual Studio Express 2005 dapat diperoleh gratis termasuk Visual Basic, Visual C#, Visual C++, Visual J# dan Visual Web Developer. XNA Game Studio Express untuk saat ini hanya bisa jalan di Windows XP2 saja.
XNA Framework include di dalam XNA Game Studio Express. XNA Game Studio Express tidak dapat untuk membuat commercial Games Xbox 360, untuk dapat membuat commercial games Xbox 360, Microsoft akan meluncurkan XNA Game Studio Professional musim semi tahun depan. Game yang dihasilkan dari XNA GameStudio Express bisa dimainkan di Xbox 360, tapi harus membeli XNA Creators's club melalui xBox live MarketPlace sebesar $99 setahun atau $49 untuk 4 bulan.
Perkembangan Managed DirectX sampai saat ini adalah ManagedDirectX 1.1 dan ManagedDirectX 2.0. XNA Framework adalah completely different teknologi dengan MDX 1.1 dan MDX 2.0 walaupun keduanya sama-sama berasal dari DirectX. XNA Framework mengembangkan XACT menggantikan DirectSound(API di DirectX untuk handle sound) dan Xinput(API di DirectX untuk handle input/keyboard/mouse/controller/joystick) menggantikan DirectInput.
MDX 1.1 sangat kompatible dengan XNA Framework, akan tetapi pengembangan versi MDX 2.0 nampaknya akan berhenti dan akan digantikan oleh XNA Framework. MDX 2.0 tidak akan pernah di release lagi, dan nanti Microsoft akan menerbitkan panduan cara migrasi dari MDX 1.1 ke XNA Framework.
Begitulah ceritanya, semoga keterangan ini bisa menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan
posted by Kukuh TW @ 12:06:00 AM
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